Art 211 Art Appreciation
Chapter 6 notes - Drawing
Purposes of Drawing – pg 105
- as a notation, sketch or record of something seen, remembered, or imagined
- as a study or preparation fir another usually larger and more complex work of art such as a sculpture, a building, a film, a painting or another drawing.
- as an end in itself as a completed drawing or work of art.
- Cartoon – a narrative drawing emphasizing humor or satire
Types of Hatching –
- Hatching – built up parallel lines
- Cross-hatching – lines going in two directions
- Contour hatching – parallel lines giving the feeling of sculptural mass
Contour drawing – surrounds the edge of a form, distinguishing one area from another while limiting the form, as the line appearing in a coloring book does. An outline defines a two-dimensional shape. Contour lines are interior and exterior boundaries (edges) of an implied three-dimensional form.
Blind contour drawing - a method of drawing, which presents itself as an effective training aid. The student, fixing their eyes on the outline of the model or object, draws the contour very slowly in a steady, continuous line without lifting the pencil or looking at the paper.
Gesture drawing - a way to "see", a technique of drawing, an exercise, a defined "scribble", and a finished style. Basically, it is a method of training hands to quickly sketch what the brain has already seen. Staying "focused" means sustained concentration.
Medium – the physical substance used by any visual artist such as marble, oil paint, ink, charcoal, etc
Dry Media –
- Pencil – graphic or colored pencils
Darkness and line quality are determined by both the hardness of the pencil and by the texture of the drawing surface. Paper that has tooth (surface grain) receives pencil marks more easily than paper that is smooth. Pencil lines can vary in width or length and be broad or fine.
- Charcoal – produces a wide range of light to dark values from soft grays to deep blacks. Charcoal is good for quick sketches and finished drawings but need to be sprayed with a fixative to help prevent smudges.
- Conte crayon – semi-hard chalk with an oil binder that adheres to smooth papers. It can produce many varied lines to broad strokes that are fairly resistant to smudging.
- Pastel – can be blended with fingers or a paper stump that produces a soft blur of color.
Liquid Media –
- Ink – most common drawing liquid used with a brush. Creates expressive flowing lines and is ideal for calligraphic lines.
- Markers – are used in traditional pen-and-ink media.
All drawing media are based on pigment, the powdered color material. The difference between chalk and crayon, or oil and chalk pastels, is the binder, the substance that holds the pigment together. One is greasy and adheres more easily, making blending more difficult. Pastels, using a nonfat binder, are considered borderline between painting & drawing, as they blend easily. Crayon usually refers to Conté crayon. Artists continue to develop new drawing materials, such as felt-tip markers, ballpoint pens, and a combination of mixed media.
Chapter 7 notes - Painting
Paints consist of 3 components –
- pigment - which is the color derived from plants, animals, and minerals and synthetics
- binder or medium - mixes with the pigment to hold the pigment together and to the painting surface. With oils, linseed oil is the binder
- vehicle – spreads the pigment. With oils turpentine or an equivalent is the vehicle.
Fresco or Buon Fresco – pigments are suspended in water and applied to a damp plaster surface.
Encaustic – a technique using melted beeswax as the vehicle for painting
Tempera –
- Egg tempera was used by the ancient Egyptians, Greeks and Romans and was highly developed in the Middle Ages. The binder in egg tempera is egg yolk and has a luminous slightly matte surface when dry. Painted on a ground of white gesso the colors produced are clean and brilliant in quality. Dries quickly,
Oil paints – can be applied thickly or thinly, wet into wet, or wet onto dry. Increased opacity which covers better and when thinned is transparent are qualities of oil paint along with a slow drying time which can be use to the artists advantage when mixing or blending colors. Oil paint can be applied over acrylic, but acrylic cannot be applied over oil paint because of the drying time. Oil paint dries much slower than acrylic.
Acrylic – synthetic painting media are fast drying and flexible can be applied to almost any surface. Acrylic can be thinned with water but are water resistant. A synthetic paint that was developed in the middle of the twentieth century.
Watercolor –
- Pigments are suspended in water and gum arabic to absorbent cotton paper. Watercolor is basically a staining technique applied in thin translucent washes that allow light to pass through the layers of color reflecting back from the white of the paper.
Matte – not shiny
Gesso – chalk or plaster and glue that is applied to a support as a ground for tempera and oil paintings
Support – wood panels, canvas, linen, rag paper, etc
Glaze – thinned pigment
Impasto – thickly applied paint
Art in the World
Friday, December 5, 2008
Chap 6 and 7 homework
5 pts
Chapter 6 and 7 - Art in the World (page 129) From your textbook, answer these questions.
Where is the worlds’ longest painting located?
What is the overall theme and what specific scenes are included in this theme?
Who organized the entire project and what groups worked on it?
Due at the beginning of the next class.
Chapter 6 and 7 - Art in the World (page 129) From your textbook, answer these questions.
Where is the worlds’ longest painting located?
What is the overall theme and what specific scenes are included in this theme?
Who organized the entire project and what groups worked on it?
Due at the beginning of the next class.
Chap 5 notes - Evaluating Art
Art 211 Art Appreciation
Chapter 5 Evaluating Art
What is a critique? How do you evaluate art?
A critique is an oral or written discussion strategy used to analyze, describe, and interpret works of art.
Four major areas of art criticism: description, analysis, interpretation, and judgment.
Step 1 - Description - DESCRIBE the artwork in terms of its literal content and artistic elements. Describe it as though you are talking to a blind person. Be specific. Tell me what you see.
Design elements should be noted – LINE, TEXTURE, SHAPE, COLOR, VALUE, SPACE, PATTERN
Media, materials or techniques used for expression in the work need to be noted – paint, clay, metal, paper, oil on canvas, watercolor, photography, etc
What is the name of the artist who created the artwork? What are the title, date, and size of the art?
What kind of an artwork is it? What is the subject or theme? Is it a historical event, a portrait, a still life, a landscape, an animal, a medical illustration, architectural, fantasy, political commentary, a religious work etc? What is happening in the art work?
What is the most important idea or experience in this art work? What is the artist trying to say?
List the literal objects in the painting (trees, people, animals, mountains, rivers, etc.). Does the imagery such as the clothing, architecture, describe the time and place? What about the traditions or customs of the day or the type of people portrayed in the art work?
Does the work show emotions? Is it mysterious, tell a story, legend or myth? What is the mood of the artwork? Describe the technical qualities of the work (brushstrokes, controlled, spontaneous, etc). What materials were used (watercolor, clay, oils, etc)? What type of art work is the final product (drawing, painting, print, sculpture, ceramic, textile, collage, illustration, etc.)? How do the materials used convey the ideas or feelings the artist intended?
Descriptive, qualitative words should be used to describe what is going on in the work of art. Words such as explosive, jerky, fluid, massive etc are descriptive words used in observation of art. Description, along with analysis accomplishes several important functions encouraging a complete examination of the art work. Description helps to avoid the viewer’s tendency to jump to conclusions, builds observational skills and helps to establish a consensus for purposes of discussion.
Step 2 - Analysis - ANALYZE the artwork in terms of how the artist used the principles of design to manipulate the content to provoke meaning.
Describe how the work is organized as a complete composition.
Design Principles are noted - Consider the most significant art principles that were used in the artwork. The principles are – BALANCE, CONTRAST, EMPHASIS, HARMONY, VARIETY, UNITY, MOVEMENT, REPETITION/RHYTHM, PROPORTION, DEPTH, and COMPOSITION. Describe how the artist used them to organize the elements.
Identify some of the similarities throughout the work (i.e., repetition). Identify some of the points of emphasis in the work (i.e., specific scene, figure, movement). If the work has subjects or characters, what are the relationships between or among them? Balance – radial, symmetrical or asymmetrical? Lines – curved, straight, diagonal, etc? Shape – organic or inorganic? Are the colors bright, dull, warm, or cool? Do the shapes come forward or recede due to their color? How as the artist used color to create feelings or mood? What is the main color of the art? Are the values dark or light?
How is space achieved – foreground, middle ground, background? Overlapping? Perspective? Texture – implied, real, rough, smooth, soft, etc? Is there movement and how is it achieved? Variety of elements used? Focal point? Eye tracks – what do you see first, then next, etc?
Analysis is a continuation of description, but instead of talking about separate parts, the focus shifts to the way the part work together as a whole. A good way to begin an analysis is the look at the pervasive qualities of the work of art. The large, overall characteristics of feelings and moods projected by the work of art.
Step 3 - Interpretation - INTERPRET the work on the basis of what has already been discovered about the work in the first two steps. Consider not only the literal descriptions but also the emotional content and the use of symbols and allegories to arrive at the message or meaning in the work.
Based upon description and analysis, what is the artist communicating? Is the work a story, myth or legend? Based on what you have learned so far about the artwork, what do you think the artist was trying to say? Why did the artist create this artwork? What do you think it means?
What feelings do you have when looking at this artwork? Why? Do you think there are items in the artwork that represent other things or have other meaning or symbols? Describe how the work makes you think or feel.
Describe the expressive qualities you find in the work. What expressive language would you use to describe the qualities (i.e., tragic, ugly, funny, beautiful)? Is the art work timeless? Does the work remind you of other things you have experienced (i.e., analogy or metaphor)? How does the work relate to other ideas or events in the world and/or in your other studies? Does the title of this art reflect the work itself?
Interpretation is an effort to find meaning in the art work. It is one of the most important components of the art criticism process. It can be the most creative and thought provoking process. Ask yourself these questions – “What does the art work mean to me?” or “What is the message of the artwork?”. Remember, there is no “right” interpretation. Interpretations should be insightful, interesting, informative, and reasonable.
Step 4 - Judgment - JUDGMENT about the work's worth based on the information gathered about the work. Judgments must be supported by what was learned through the "reading" process.
The judgment is based upon the description, analysis, and interpretation from the previous steps.
Personal philosophies, background, and feelings are not taken into account.
Do you like this artwork? Why or why not? Be specific and use art terms. Merely stating, “I like it” or “I don’t like it” is not enough. Does the art work convincingly express the subject or idea it was based on? How original is the artwork? What degree of uniqueness and imagination has the artist displayed in the artwork? After forming a final judgment of the art, would you buy this art work? Would you keep it in your home or donate it to a museum?
Judgment is an act that involves you in deciding on the value and significance of the art work.
Justify your opinion. Explain why you feel the way you do about this artwork based on what you have learned about it.
Chapter 5 Evaluating Art
What is a critique? How do you evaluate art?
A critique is an oral or written discussion strategy used to analyze, describe, and interpret works of art.
Four major areas of art criticism: description, analysis, interpretation, and judgment.
Step 1 - Description - DESCRIBE the artwork in terms of its literal content and artistic elements. Describe it as though you are talking to a blind person. Be specific. Tell me what you see.
Design elements should be noted – LINE, TEXTURE, SHAPE, COLOR, VALUE, SPACE, PATTERN
Media, materials or techniques used for expression in the work need to be noted – paint, clay, metal, paper, oil on canvas, watercolor, photography, etc
What is the name of the artist who created the artwork? What are the title, date, and size of the art?
What kind of an artwork is it? What is the subject or theme? Is it a historical event, a portrait, a still life, a landscape, an animal, a medical illustration, architectural, fantasy, political commentary, a religious work etc? What is happening in the art work?
What is the most important idea or experience in this art work? What is the artist trying to say?
List the literal objects in the painting (trees, people, animals, mountains, rivers, etc.). Does the imagery such as the clothing, architecture, describe the time and place? What about the traditions or customs of the day or the type of people portrayed in the art work?
Does the work show emotions? Is it mysterious, tell a story, legend or myth? What is the mood of the artwork? Describe the technical qualities of the work (brushstrokes, controlled, spontaneous, etc). What materials were used (watercolor, clay, oils, etc)? What type of art work is the final product (drawing, painting, print, sculpture, ceramic, textile, collage, illustration, etc.)? How do the materials used convey the ideas or feelings the artist intended?
Descriptive, qualitative words should be used to describe what is going on in the work of art. Words such as explosive, jerky, fluid, massive etc are descriptive words used in observation of art. Description, along with analysis accomplishes several important functions encouraging a complete examination of the art work. Description helps to avoid the viewer’s tendency to jump to conclusions, builds observational skills and helps to establish a consensus for purposes of discussion.
Step 2 - Analysis - ANALYZE the artwork in terms of how the artist used the principles of design to manipulate the content to provoke meaning.
Describe how the work is organized as a complete composition.
Design Principles are noted - Consider the most significant art principles that were used in the artwork. The principles are – BALANCE, CONTRAST, EMPHASIS, HARMONY, VARIETY, UNITY, MOVEMENT, REPETITION/RHYTHM, PROPORTION, DEPTH, and COMPOSITION. Describe how the artist used them to organize the elements.
Identify some of the similarities throughout the work (i.e., repetition). Identify some of the points of emphasis in the work (i.e., specific scene, figure, movement). If the work has subjects or characters, what are the relationships between or among them? Balance – radial, symmetrical or asymmetrical? Lines – curved, straight, diagonal, etc? Shape – organic or inorganic? Are the colors bright, dull, warm, or cool? Do the shapes come forward or recede due to their color? How as the artist used color to create feelings or mood? What is the main color of the art? Are the values dark or light?
How is space achieved – foreground, middle ground, background? Overlapping? Perspective? Texture – implied, real, rough, smooth, soft, etc? Is there movement and how is it achieved? Variety of elements used? Focal point? Eye tracks – what do you see first, then next, etc?
Analysis is a continuation of description, but instead of talking about separate parts, the focus shifts to the way the part work together as a whole. A good way to begin an analysis is the look at the pervasive qualities of the work of art. The large, overall characteristics of feelings and moods projected by the work of art.
Step 3 - Interpretation - INTERPRET the work on the basis of what has already been discovered about the work in the first two steps. Consider not only the literal descriptions but also the emotional content and the use of symbols and allegories to arrive at the message or meaning in the work.
Based upon description and analysis, what is the artist communicating? Is the work a story, myth or legend? Based on what you have learned so far about the artwork, what do you think the artist was trying to say? Why did the artist create this artwork? What do you think it means?
What feelings do you have when looking at this artwork? Why? Do you think there are items in the artwork that represent other things or have other meaning or symbols? Describe how the work makes you think or feel.
Describe the expressive qualities you find in the work. What expressive language would you use to describe the qualities (i.e., tragic, ugly, funny, beautiful)? Is the art work timeless? Does the work remind you of other things you have experienced (i.e., analogy or metaphor)? How does the work relate to other ideas or events in the world and/or in your other studies? Does the title of this art reflect the work itself?
Interpretation is an effort to find meaning in the art work. It is one of the most important components of the art criticism process. It can be the most creative and thought provoking process. Ask yourself these questions – “What does the art work mean to me?” or “What is the message of the artwork?”. Remember, there is no “right” interpretation. Interpretations should be insightful, interesting, informative, and reasonable.
Step 4 - Judgment - JUDGMENT about the work's worth based on the information gathered about the work. Judgments must be supported by what was learned through the "reading" process.
The judgment is based upon the description, analysis, and interpretation from the previous steps.
Personal philosophies, background, and feelings are not taken into account.
Do you like this artwork? Why or why not? Be specific and use art terms. Merely stating, “I like it” or “I don’t like it” is not enough. Does the art work convincingly express the subject or idea it was based on? How original is the artwork? What degree of uniqueness and imagination has the artist displayed in the artwork? After forming a final judgment of the art, would you buy this art work? Would you keep it in your home or donate it to a museum?
Judgment is an act that involves you in deciding on the value and significance of the art work.
Justify your opinion. Explain why you feel the way you do about this artwork based on what you have learned about it.
Chap 4 notes
Chapter 4 – Principles of Design
7 key principles of design –
Unity/Harmony and Variety -
- Unity is the appearance or condition of oneness. The design has the feeling of working together, creating a whole.
- Variety provides diversity to counter unity. Unity can be boring and variety can be chaotic, so a balance between them creates life.
- Pattern refers to repetitive ordering of design elements.
Balance – equal
- Symmetrical balance – near or exact matching of left and right sides of a 3D form or 2D composition. Permanence and poise, motionless and stable, formal and rigid
- Asymmetrical balance – left and right sides are not the same.
- Visual weight
- Radial balance – overall design in a circle
Movement creates the look and feel of action to guide the viewer’s eyes through the work of art. This can either be actual motion or it can be implied — the arrangement of the parts of an image to create a sense of motion by using lines, shapes, forms, and textures that cause the eye to move over the work.
Pattern - A two-dimensional decorative effect achieved through the repetition of colors, lines, shapes, and/or textures. Pattern is created by a regular or expected repetition. Patterns tend to have a flattening effect, which makes the space hard to read. The patterns clamor for attention, and almost seem to blend together.
Emphasis –
- Emphasis is used to draw our attention to an area. if that area is a specific spot or figure it is call the focal point. Position, contrast, color intensity, and size can all be used to create emphasis.
Focal point – draws the eye into the work of art – the first thing you see
Directional emphasis - are paths that lead the eye around the work of art by actual or implied lines. Implied directional lines may be suggested by a form’s axis, by imagined connections between similar or adjacent forms, or by the implied continuation of actual lines.
- Horizontal, vertical, diagonal, circular
- Eye tracks
Contrast – the juxtaposition of strongly dissimilar elements. Dramatic effects can be produced when dark is set against light, large against small, bright against dull, rough against smooth.
Repetition and Rhythm –
- Repetition of visual elements gives a composition unity, continuity, flow and emphasis.
- Rhythm is created through a regular recurrence of elements with related variations.
Scale and Proportion –
- Scale is the size relative of one object to another.
- Proportion is the size relations of the parts to the whole.
Composition is the arrangement or organization of the visual elements; compositions can be symmetrical, pyramidal, heraldic, etc.
Two Dimensional – 2D
Painting
Drawing
Graphic Arts
Printmaking
Photography
Three Dimensional – 3D
Sculpture
Architecture
7 key principles of design –
Unity/Harmony and Variety -
- Unity is the appearance or condition of oneness. The design has the feeling of working together, creating a whole.
- Variety provides diversity to counter unity. Unity can be boring and variety can be chaotic, so a balance between them creates life.
- Pattern refers to repetitive ordering of design elements.
Balance – equal
- Symmetrical balance – near or exact matching of left and right sides of a 3D form or 2D composition. Permanence and poise, motionless and stable, formal and rigid
- Asymmetrical balance – left and right sides are not the same.
- Visual weight
- Radial balance – overall design in a circle
Movement creates the look and feel of action to guide the viewer’s eyes through the work of art. This can either be actual motion or it can be implied — the arrangement of the parts of an image to create a sense of motion by using lines, shapes, forms, and textures that cause the eye to move over the work.
Pattern - A two-dimensional decorative effect achieved through the repetition of colors, lines, shapes, and/or textures. Pattern is created by a regular or expected repetition. Patterns tend to have a flattening effect, which makes the space hard to read. The patterns clamor for attention, and almost seem to blend together.
Emphasis –
- Emphasis is used to draw our attention to an area. if that area is a specific spot or figure it is call the focal point. Position, contrast, color intensity, and size can all be used to create emphasis.
Focal point – draws the eye into the work of art – the first thing you see
Directional emphasis - are paths that lead the eye around the work of art by actual or implied lines. Implied directional lines may be suggested by a form’s axis, by imagined connections between similar or adjacent forms, or by the implied continuation of actual lines.
- Horizontal, vertical, diagonal, circular
- Eye tracks
Contrast – the juxtaposition of strongly dissimilar elements. Dramatic effects can be produced when dark is set against light, large against small, bright against dull, rough against smooth.
Repetition and Rhythm –
- Repetition of visual elements gives a composition unity, continuity, flow and emphasis.
- Rhythm is created through a regular recurrence of elements with related variations.
Scale and Proportion –
- Scale is the size relative of one object to another.
- Proportion is the size relations of the parts to the whole.
Composition is the arrangement or organization of the visual elements; compositions can be symmetrical, pyramidal, heraldic, etc.
Two Dimensional – 2D
Painting
Drawing
Graphic Arts
Printmaking
Photography
Three Dimensional – 3D
Sculpture
Architecture
Chap 3 notes
Art 211 Art Appreciation
Chapter 3 notes
Chapter 3 – Visual Elements
Visual elements –
- Picture plane – 2 dimensional (2D) surface (flat), can be covered with lines, shapes, textures, and other elements
- Sculpture – 3 dimensional (3D) using the same elements in 3D
Line – paths of action
- Characteristics of line –
Active, static, aggressive, or passive, sensual or mechanical
Indicate directions, define boundaries of shape and space, imply volume or solid mass, suggest motion or emotion, light and shadow, form patterns and textures
- Implied line – suggests visual connections
Shape – 2D, expanse within an outline when drawing
Geometric shapes – circles, triangles, squares
Organic shapes – irregular, curving, rounded, relaxed, informal, nature
- Positive/figure shapes - subject or dominant shapes on the picture plane
- Negative/ground shapes – background areas
- Figure-ground reversal
- Foreground – objects closest to the bottom of the picture plane
- Middle ground – objects in the middle of the picture plane
- Back ground – objects at the back of the picture plane
Mass/Form – 3D, physical bulk of a solid body of materials
- Volume – mass enclosing space
- Closed form – a form that does not interact with the space around it
- Open form – interacts with the surrounding space
Space – continuous, infinite, and ever present – visual arts are spatial, organized in space
- 3D space – our relationship to objects in space
- 2D space – is defined by height and width, implied
Implied depth on a 2D surface
- Overlapping – one shape in front of another
- Diminishing size – shapes get small farther back in space
- Vertical placement – objects low on the picture plane are larger, high or further back are smaller
Linear perspective – the way objects appear in space to the eye
- Vanishing point – converging points on the horizon
- Horizon line – your eye level as you look at a scene
- Eye level – imaginary plane parallel with the ground plane extending to the horizon
- Vantage point – single fixed position
- One point perspective – all lines are parallel but visually appear to converge at a single point
- Two point perspective – 2 sets of parallel lines appear to converge at two points on the horizon line
Atmospheric perspective – nonlinear means giving the illusion of depth created by color, value, and detail
Implied motion – to create a sense of movement
Light – everything we see is made visible by light – light dramatically changes the way we perceive things
- Chiaroscuro - use of graduations of light and shade, forms are revealed by subtle shifting from light to dark areas, no sharp outlines – Caravaggio
Color - a component of light affects our thoughts, moods, actions, and health
- Achromatic – means without the property of hue/color – black, white, and gray – neutral color
- Hue – is interchangeable with the word color,
- Value – lightness or darkness of a color, white added to a hue makes a lighter color, black added to a hue makes a darker color
- Shade – black added to a hue
- Tint – white added to a hue
- Intensity or Saturation – is the purity of a hue. A pure hue is the most intense form of a color at its highest or brightest saturation. With color when another color is added to a pure hue, the color is dulled.
- Primary colors – red, blue, and yellow – cannot be produced by intermixing any other colors
- Secondary colors – orange, green, and violet – are mixed from a combination of 2 primary colors to produce a secondary color.
Red + blue = violet, red + yellow = orange, blue + yellow = green
- Tertiary or intermediate colors – red-orange, yellow–orange, yellow-green, blue-green, blue- violet, and red-violet
- Warm colors – red, yellow, orange side of color wheel
- Cool colors – blue, green, violet side of the color wheel
Color schemes – color groupings that create distinct color harmony
- Monochromatic – one color plus black and white
- Analogous – 3 – 5 colors next to each other on the color wheel
- Complementary – 2 colors directly opposite each other on the color wheel
Texture – tactile qualities – touch, feel
- Actual textures – feel by touching
- Implied textures – created to look like something on a flat surface
Chapter 3 notes
Chapter 3 – Visual Elements
Visual elements –
- Picture plane – 2 dimensional (2D) surface (flat), can be covered with lines, shapes, textures, and other elements
- Sculpture – 3 dimensional (3D) using the same elements in 3D
Line – paths of action
- Characteristics of line –
Active, static, aggressive, or passive, sensual or mechanical
Indicate directions, define boundaries of shape and space, imply volume or solid mass, suggest motion or emotion, light and shadow, form patterns and textures
- Implied line – suggests visual connections
Shape – 2D, expanse within an outline when drawing
Geometric shapes – circles, triangles, squares
Organic shapes – irregular, curving, rounded, relaxed, informal, nature
- Positive/figure shapes - subject or dominant shapes on the picture plane
- Negative/ground shapes – background areas
- Figure-ground reversal
- Foreground – objects closest to the bottom of the picture plane
- Middle ground – objects in the middle of the picture plane
- Back ground – objects at the back of the picture plane
Mass/Form – 3D, physical bulk of a solid body of materials
- Volume – mass enclosing space
- Closed form – a form that does not interact with the space around it
- Open form – interacts with the surrounding space
Space – continuous, infinite, and ever present – visual arts are spatial, organized in space
- 3D space – our relationship to objects in space
- 2D space – is defined by height and width, implied
Implied depth on a 2D surface
- Overlapping – one shape in front of another
- Diminishing size – shapes get small farther back in space
- Vertical placement – objects low on the picture plane are larger, high or further back are smaller
Linear perspective – the way objects appear in space to the eye
- Vanishing point – converging points on the horizon
- Horizon line – your eye level as you look at a scene
- Eye level – imaginary plane parallel with the ground plane extending to the horizon
- Vantage point – single fixed position
- One point perspective – all lines are parallel but visually appear to converge at a single point
- Two point perspective – 2 sets of parallel lines appear to converge at two points on the horizon line
Atmospheric perspective – nonlinear means giving the illusion of depth created by color, value, and detail
Implied motion – to create a sense of movement
Light – everything we see is made visible by light – light dramatically changes the way we perceive things
- Chiaroscuro - use of graduations of light and shade, forms are revealed by subtle shifting from light to dark areas, no sharp outlines – Caravaggio
Color - a component of light affects our thoughts, moods, actions, and health
- Achromatic – means without the property of hue/color – black, white, and gray – neutral color
- Hue – is interchangeable with the word color,
- Value – lightness or darkness of a color, white added to a hue makes a lighter color, black added to a hue makes a darker color
- Shade – black added to a hue
- Tint – white added to a hue
- Intensity or Saturation – is the purity of a hue. A pure hue is the most intense form of a color at its highest or brightest saturation. With color when another color is added to a pure hue, the color is dulled.
- Primary colors – red, blue, and yellow – cannot be produced by intermixing any other colors
- Secondary colors – orange, green, and violet – are mixed from a combination of 2 primary colors to produce a secondary color.
Red + blue = violet, red + yellow = orange, blue + yellow = green
- Tertiary or intermediate colors – red-orange, yellow–orange, yellow-green, blue-green, blue- violet, and red-violet
- Warm colors – red, yellow, orange side of color wheel
- Cool colors – blue, green, violet side of the color wheel
Color schemes – color groupings that create distinct color harmony
- Monochromatic – one color plus black and white
- Analogous – 3 – 5 colors next to each other on the color wheel
- Complementary – 2 colors directly opposite each other on the color wheel
Texture – tactile qualities – touch, feel
- Actual textures – feel by touching
- Implied textures – created to look like something on a flat surface
Chap 1 and 2 homework
5 pts
Chapter 1 and 2 - Read pages 22 - 23 in your textbook
Please respond with your opinion to this reading with a few brief paragraphs.
Due at the beginning of the next class.
Chapter 1 and 2 - Read pages 22 - 23 in your textbook
Please respond with your opinion to this reading with a few brief paragraphs.
Due at the beginning of the next class.
Chap 1 and 2 notes
Art 211 Art Appreciation
Chapter 1 and 2 notes
Chapter 1 – The Nature of Art
What is Art? Our world has become a very visual one - we have art all around us. Understanding art is understanding our world! A good first step is to try to understand what we mean by art. There are no single answers and not everyone will agree on a definition.
§ Visual expression of an idea or experience formed with skills through the use of a medium
§ Medium – a particular material along with technique such as oil painting with oils
The Need to be Creative –
§ All societies produce objects that communicate beyond words and meet physical,
spiritual or aesthetic needs from simple tools to complex works
§ Aesthetic – sense of beauty
Purposes and Functions of Art –
§ Communicating information – art imparts information and ideas
§ Day to day living – art objects serve useful functions
§ Spiritual – to inspire and instruct the faithful
§ Personal expression – reveals the artist and their heritage
§ Social and political – used to influence values and public opinions
§ Visual delight – pleasure, enjoyment, amusement, diversion and embellishment
What are the various forms of art? When you think of art, what do you think of? What is the difference between the words "statue" and "sculpture". "Statue" suggests sculpture that is realistic, usually representing the human form. "Sculpture" is a broader term, many are abstract.
Is there a size limit to art? Art can come in all sizes, from massive public art to dainty table top pieces. What are some large public pieces that you know about?
Is art defined by its materials? We're all used to thinking of paintings as art. Or bronze or marble sculptures. But art can be made from all kinds of materials.
A work can even combine art forms! Photography, ceramics, metalwork, collage - these can all be incorporated into a painting or vice versa. Robert Rauschenberg uses many items in his assemblage/collage work on pg 427 Monogram is created with a stuffed goat, a tire and a painting.
Some art moves! A piece may turn in the breeze, like the Calder mobiles. Or have a motor or they can have sound. The mobile shown on pg 58 is by Calder was made with metal and is called a kinetic sculpture.
Does art have to be representational? Is it necessary for it to actually look like something, such as a woman, or a vase of flowers? Does art have to be realistic? Is it better if it is realistic? What makes it realistic? Can it be something that suggests something real, even if it doesn't look exactly like our eye sees it in real life?
Chapter 2 – Awareness, Creativity, and Communication
Visual Thinking –
§ Imagination and memory
§ Different images based on experience, values, and interests
§ Intellectual visual thinking – we assume a house has rooms
§ Creative visual thinking – we see objects but can associate them with feelings, shapes, colors
What about abstract art? What is abstract art about? It can suggest many things, create many moods, or simply celebrate something as basic as form or color. You'll notice that when you look at abstract art you tend to describe it in terms of feelings. If makes you feel happy. It makes you feel tense. Or this painting looks angry. Or quiet and peaceful. This is a wonderful way to interpret art!
Perception and Awareness –
§ Perceive – to become aware through senses, sight and hearing,
§ Awareness - to be conscious, to understand
Is it art if it is intended for another purpose? If it is originally created with the intention to instruct, or record, or illustrate, is it still art?
Looking and Seeing –
Looking – implies taking in what is before us in a purely mechanical way
Seeing – implies a more active extension of looking, a higher level of perception
Art has always had many roles. It is thought that the beautiful hunting scenes painted in caves by prehistoric man were made as part of a ritual to assure a successful hunt. Paintings and now photography have long been used to record how things or people look - portraits of people, landscapes and cityscapes of places. The ancient Greeks used ceramic vases to depict scenes from everyday life. Art has also long been used to tell stories or history. Religious art sets out to explain beliefs, tell a spiritual story, or simply for inspiration (think of the impact of walking into a gothic cathedral, with its combination of soaring architecture and light filtering down through stained glass windows.) Art can be used to memorialize an event or person. The Viet Nam Memorial by Maya Lin on pg 166 is a memorable example.
Can art be functional? If a piece is something we use for everyday living, like a fork or a blanket, can it be art? See page 6 for everyday items that are decorative as well as useful.
Aesthetics, Art and Beauty –
§ Aesthetics – refers to an awareness of beauty
§ da Vinci, Otto Dix, van Gogh, and Jean-Michel Basquiat – explored ugliness through personal expression
Does art have to be beautiful? What about a piece that looks truly ugly to you? Is it still art? Perhaps the artist is communicating something with that "ugliness". Sometimes the artist is trying to shock the viewer, or to make you feel uncomfortable. Why would an artist want to do that? Perhaps to make people see things in a new way?
Creativity – human imagination involves art, science and technology all through civilization
Untrained artists - also called outsider artists
Folk Artists –
§ Folk artists - little or no formal art education
§ Folk art – traditions of style, theme and craftsmanship creating from an inner desire to communicate
§ Forms of folk art – quilts, samplers, weather vanes, cravings, etc.
Are crafts art? Jewelry making, quilting, and woodworking are all referred to as crafts. Some people also call them art, while others only use the word art for certain pieces that they feel cross the line from crafts to art. Is the thing that makes the difference between craft and art the fact that it is functional? Or is the difference more about whether it is good or mediocre art, and relegating the mediocre to the craft category? What do you think?
It seems like many times arts and crafts get lumped together into a catch phrase most often used to describe camp activities for children. But what is the difference between art and a craft?
A craft is usually a cookie-cutter or close-ended activity. The craft activity is based on a formula and all participants follow the same directions and end up with roughly the same result every time. For example, creating a god’s eye from two sticks and colored yarn is a great craft example. Yes, it involves creating something, but the end product is most always the same and there’s not a lot of room for variation.
An art activity is more open-ended. For example, in a drawing project all participants may start with the same materials of paper and pencils then are asked to create drawings that represent their family. The results of this project will create many different drawings and therefore many different solutions to the same problem. While the end result may not always be considered art, the possibility of creating an original drawing that transcends its parameters and materials is always possible, and seems to be the definition of art.
Trained Artists – generally were men that worked as apprentices to accomplished masters developing knowledge of contemporary and historical art
All artists need to be independent thinkers, going beyond group mentality to expend new experiences to those who see their art.
Visual Communications –
§ In art, visual experience is essential
§ Words help us analyze and discuss art
Art and Appearances –
§ Representational – realistic art
§ Abstract – departs from natural appearances but is recognizable
§ Non-objective – without reference to anything but itself
Form and Content –
§ Form is what we see – the total effect of the combined visual qualities within a work including materials, color, shape, line and design
§ Content is the meaning we get from what we see – the message or meaning of the work of art that the artist communicates to the viewer
Iconography – the symbolic meaning of signs, subjects and images.
If art is used to sell something is it still art? We call this commercial art. What are some of the forms of commercial art around us? Trademarks and logos are powerful visual communicators. Other kinds of commercial art are billboards, tv ads, animation in computer games, and package design. Some of these are beautiful. Some are not. But all were created by someone for a specific commercial purpose. Is that art?
What is the one thing that all these art forms have in common? All art has one defining thing that it shares with all other art - COMMUNICATION! All forms of art communicate something... a feeling, an idea, a record of fact, another way of looking at something, a statement about something wrong in our society, an appreciation of something beautiful, a spiritual understanding. Can you think of an example of art that does not communicate anything?
Chapter 1 and 2 notes
Chapter 1 – The Nature of Art
What is Art? Our world has become a very visual one - we have art all around us. Understanding art is understanding our world! A good first step is to try to understand what we mean by art. There are no single answers and not everyone will agree on a definition.
§ Visual expression of an idea or experience formed with skills through the use of a medium
§ Medium – a particular material along with technique such as oil painting with oils
The Need to be Creative –
§ All societies produce objects that communicate beyond words and meet physical,
spiritual or aesthetic needs from simple tools to complex works
§ Aesthetic – sense of beauty
Purposes and Functions of Art –
§ Communicating information – art imparts information and ideas
§ Day to day living – art objects serve useful functions
§ Spiritual – to inspire and instruct the faithful
§ Personal expression – reveals the artist and their heritage
§ Social and political – used to influence values and public opinions
§ Visual delight – pleasure, enjoyment, amusement, diversion and embellishment
What are the various forms of art? When you think of art, what do you think of? What is the difference between the words "statue" and "sculpture". "Statue" suggests sculpture that is realistic, usually representing the human form. "Sculpture" is a broader term, many are abstract.
Is there a size limit to art? Art can come in all sizes, from massive public art to dainty table top pieces. What are some large public pieces that you know about?
Is art defined by its materials? We're all used to thinking of paintings as art. Or bronze or marble sculptures. But art can be made from all kinds of materials.
A work can even combine art forms! Photography, ceramics, metalwork, collage - these can all be incorporated into a painting or vice versa. Robert Rauschenberg uses many items in his assemblage/collage work on pg 427 Monogram is created with a stuffed goat, a tire and a painting.
Some art moves! A piece may turn in the breeze, like the Calder mobiles. Or have a motor or they can have sound. The mobile shown on pg 58 is by Calder was made with metal and is called a kinetic sculpture.
Does art have to be representational? Is it necessary for it to actually look like something, such as a woman, or a vase of flowers? Does art have to be realistic? Is it better if it is realistic? What makes it realistic? Can it be something that suggests something real, even if it doesn't look exactly like our eye sees it in real life?
Chapter 2 – Awareness, Creativity, and Communication
Visual Thinking –
§ Imagination and memory
§ Different images based on experience, values, and interests
§ Intellectual visual thinking – we assume a house has rooms
§ Creative visual thinking – we see objects but can associate them with feelings, shapes, colors
What about abstract art? What is abstract art about? It can suggest many things, create many moods, or simply celebrate something as basic as form or color. You'll notice that when you look at abstract art you tend to describe it in terms of feelings. If makes you feel happy. It makes you feel tense. Or this painting looks angry. Or quiet and peaceful. This is a wonderful way to interpret art!
Perception and Awareness –
§ Perceive – to become aware through senses, sight and hearing,
§ Awareness - to be conscious, to understand
Is it art if it is intended for another purpose? If it is originally created with the intention to instruct, or record, or illustrate, is it still art?
Looking and Seeing –
Looking – implies taking in what is before us in a purely mechanical way
Seeing – implies a more active extension of looking, a higher level of perception
Art has always had many roles. It is thought that the beautiful hunting scenes painted in caves by prehistoric man were made as part of a ritual to assure a successful hunt. Paintings and now photography have long been used to record how things or people look - portraits of people, landscapes and cityscapes of places. The ancient Greeks used ceramic vases to depict scenes from everyday life. Art has also long been used to tell stories or history. Religious art sets out to explain beliefs, tell a spiritual story, or simply for inspiration (think of the impact of walking into a gothic cathedral, with its combination of soaring architecture and light filtering down through stained glass windows.) Art can be used to memorialize an event or person. The Viet Nam Memorial by Maya Lin on pg 166 is a memorable example.
Can art be functional? If a piece is something we use for everyday living, like a fork or a blanket, can it be art? See page 6 for everyday items that are decorative as well as useful.
Aesthetics, Art and Beauty –
§ Aesthetics – refers to an awareness of beauty
§ da Vinci, Otto Dix, van Gogh, and Jean-Michel Basquiat – explored ugliness through personal expression
Does art have to be beautiful? What about a piece that looks truly ugly to you? Is it still art? Perhaps the artist is communicating something with that "ugliness". Sometimes the artist is trying to shock the viewer, or to make you feel uncomfortable. Why would an artist want to do that? Perhaps to make people see things in a new way?
Creativity – human imagination involves art, science and technology all through civilization
Untrained artists - also called outsider artists
Folk Artists –
§ Folk artists - little or no formal art education
§ Folk art – traditions of style, theme and craftsmanship creating from an inner desire to communicate
§ Forms of folk art – quilts, samplers, weather vanes, cravings, etc.
Are crafts art? Jewelry making, quilting, and woodworking are all referred to as crafts. Some people also call them art, while others only use the word art for certain pieces that they feel cross the line from crafts to art. Is the thing that makes the difference between craft and art the fact that it is functional? Or is the difference more about whether it is good or mediocre art, and relegating the mediocre to the craft category? What do you think?
It seems like many times arts and crafts get lumped together into a catch phrase most often used to describe camp activities for children. But what is the difference between art and a craft?
A craft is usually a cookie-cutter or close-ended activity. The craft activity is based on a formula and all participants follow the same directions and end up with roughly the same result every time. For example, creating a god’s eye from two sticks and colored yarn is a great craft example. Yes, it involves creating something, but the end product is most always the same and there’s not a lot of room for variation.
An art activity is more open-ended. For example, in a drawing project all participants may start with the same materials of paper and pencils then are asked to create drawings that represent their family. The results of this project will create many different drawings and therefore many different solutions to the same problem. While the end result may not always be considered art, the possibility of creating an original drawing that transcends its parameters and materials is always possible, and seems to be the definition of art.
Trained Artists – generally were men that worked as apprentices to accomplished masters developing knowledge of contemporary and historical art
All artists need to be independent thinkers, going beyond group mentality to expend new experiences to those who see their art.
Visual Communications –
§ In art, visual experience is essential
§ Words help us analyze and discuss art
Art and Appearances –
§ Representational – realistic art
§ Abstract – departs from natural appearances but is recognizable
§ Non-objective – without reference to anything but itself
Form and Content –
§ Form is what we see – the total effect of the combined visual qualities within a work including materials, color, shape, line and design
§ Content is the meaning we get from what we see – the message or meaning of the work of art that the artist communicates to the viewer
Iconography – the symbolic meaning of signs, subjects and images.
If art is used to sell something is it still art? We call this commercial art. What are some of the forms of commercial art around us? Trademarks and logos are powerful visual communicators. Other kinds of commercial art are billboards, tv ads, animation in computer games, and package design. Some of these are beautiful. Some are not. But all were created by someone for a specific commercial purpose. Is that art?
What is the one thing that all these art forms have in common? All art has one defining thing that it shares with all other art - COMMUNICATION! All forms of art communicate something... a feeling, an idea, a record of fact, another way of looking at something, a statement about something wrong in our society, an appreciation of something beautiful, a spiritual understanding. Can you think of an example of art that does not communicate anything?
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